Maori Social and Cultural Values and Healthcare

Maori Social and Cultural Values and Healthcare Shame is a painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behaviour. The effect of shame on the health of the Maori client would be a client was diagnosed by type 2 diabetic and was recommended by the general practitioner to loss his /her weight. The general practitioner also made appointment with the weight loss program people and asked the client to attend the program but the client itself was feeling kind off embarrassed or bit shame as he/she have to attend the program, people will gossip about it and how will they react. The client may feel uncomfortable if at first he /she wold have controlled this it wouldn’t have come to this stage. Feeling inadequate not enough or insufficient. The effect of feeling inadequate on the health of a MÄ ori client would be a MÄ ori client visited a doctor as she was not feeling well, she had difficulty in sleeping and usually sweating, nervousness. After proper examination the doctor concluded that she has got hypertension(high blood pressure).the doctor started to inform her what she needs to do to control high blood pressure without medication and with medication too but after that brief information the doctor has given her time to think and decide and he went away giving her space but she felt that she had less information given to her regarding hypertension and she couldn’t say anything as she lacked knowledge and was not able to ask the doctor more about it as she felt embarrassed. Withdrawal (maunu) being pull out, to draw out or to loosened or get isolated. Example a person was feeling sick and needs to see a doctor, but when she went to the hospital she could not access any health services as she didn’t knew anything about health , it was all new to her. Neither has she known about the health services nor has appriopate knowledge felt withdrawn as people there knew where to go and where not to go. Feeling misunderstood took it in a wrong way, improperly understood or interpreted. For an example a MÄ ori client visited a doctor and informed that the medication he prescribed did not do anything and no important in her health but the doctor got bit angry as and said are you trying to teach me.The MÄ ori client felt that what she was trying to say doctor took in a wrong way, she just wanted to get a better medication that will improve her health. 1.2 One to one consultation with a health worker A MÄ ori lady goes to see a doctor and the doctor was male, she went to see the doctor to know how to avoid type two diabetic, but when she found out it was a male doctor she felt bit uncomfortable with him. The doctor tries his best to make feel comfortable. She seemed like she was nervous so the doctor tried to take her stress away by asking her to take deep breaths. She got bit worried to whether the doctor will provide her adequate information or not and whether it will be better for her or not. The doctor provided her with all information and how to avoid them also he also provided a guide book for her to read on her own too. Consumer survey As a health nurse educator she went to a boarding school to all the students doing consumer survey about the ascertain number of smokers. Firstly she asked permission from the parents to continue this survey. During this survey she looked at a simpler way to meet the age group of students made questionnaires that students can understand also got online website which is usually accessed by youths. She conducted this survey through face to face interview. Questionnaires were given out to them simple answers like yes/no .While conducting this survey she also maintained confidentiality and privacy for students. She explained the students while she was doing this survey in a simple way for their understanding. One to one consultation with a health worker of a different gender. For an example a male nurse promoting breast feeding for MÄ ori mothers. Firstly before going near to the mother the male nurse would get permission from the family or the husband to explain this to his wife about breast feeding. If the mother does not agree a male nurse he would give that information to the family members or to the husband so that they can explain to her. He will also get a MÄ ori nurse with him to assist him in communicating with the MÄ ori client as his first language is English. While communicating with the Maori client he will provide privacy to her. Explain her things as simple as he can. Providing information about support and also getting feedback from her is she does not understand anything. Group consultation with a health worker. The health worker having a group of Maori people who came for consultation together about influenza risk and how to reduce the spread of it. The health worker firstly made the environment suitable for them like in a room or office to maintain the privacy. When the clients arrives he greets them in their language by respecting there culture and belief. He also speaks to them in a very respective manner. The health worker provides adequate information to them and they all actively participate in the group where they could not understand things and need to know a bit more about it. He also informed them that if they feel they have not got enough information they ask questions to him. 1.3 Adverse socio-cultural factor one Education- If you as a MÄ ori are not educated you won’t be able to communicate well in front of others. If you are less educated you feel shame (whakama) in yourself as you won’t know what to do if want to see a doctor. You won’t have direct impact to health services. For an example you want to see a doctor but you don’t know where to go and get the information from and you feel shame on yourself as you are not educated how will other people react on it. Adverse socio-factor two Lack of identity (age, gender)- You will feel shame on yourself as people won’t know you who you are and where you are from. Example you have got diabetic and you want to go and access health services at district health but you cannot access as you don’t have an identity and knowledge about it. Another example can be the ministry of health NZ published pamphlet in MÄ ori language to make it easier for people who cannot understand English to read but still you don’t know how to read it in your language too. Adverse socio-economic factor one Employment- A MÄ ori person goes for job interview and does well in the interview but the employer does not give the designation he should get as he does not have the appropriate qualification or degree. He won’t be getting better pay as he should be. He won’t be able to excess any health services as whatever income he earns is spent on the family needs. Sometimes MÄ ori people doesn’t even have job as they don’t have any qualification and feel shame on themselves (whakama) people are laughing at him whenever they go to look for job. Adverse socio-economic factor two- Discrimination in education- The child won’t be getting education up to a better level or appropriate standard as they come from the poor family or due to the ethnicity. The child won’t be treated friendly by other students and teases the child how poor he is and the child will feel shame on himself (whakama) which will make him to avoid going to school. The child will not be getting proper health services as his family does not earn much. 2.1 A) Negative outcome one- No access to medical treatments- Like a MÄ ori client was very ill and wanted to go and see a doctor to get treated but he could not go as he was not educated he didn’t knew where to go and felt shame on himself and didn’t knew which medical treatment to access. Negative outcome two- Traditional medicine- In MÄ ori there is a medicine that they use that is rongoa it is use to prevent many sickness and provide remedies for the sickness. But the medicine making is passed down to generation to generation so the new generation may not know how to make the medicine and maybe don’t even know what ingredients maybe used. Some maybe feel bit embarrassed on themselves as they know anything about their traditional medicine. Negative outcome three- Non-MÄ ori speaking person- A health care assistant goes to meet a client and before going to that client she got bit background about that person and learnt that the person is Maori. When she went there she greeted the families and the client in MÄ ori and was able to speak bit fluently to them all were bit shocked and ashamed on themselves that they are MÄ ori themselves but they cannot speak their own language but a person who is a non-MÄ ori person speaks well. B) Positive outcome one- Cultural appropriate programmes- In a rest home they have people there who wants to get more knowledge about MÄ ori culture so the company organises a teaching session in a culturally appropriate setting to the clients, the health care assistants and clinical staffs. Positive outcome two- Maori provider group- Like for some MÄ ori clients they are special needs clients they require some special aids in their life so the good thing is that now in New Zealand there is a MÄ ori provider group they do funding for Maori health and disabilities issues, taking accounts of the Manaia Health PHO population profile and health needs, building Maori provider capacity in service delivery and improving upon quality issues. Positive outcome three- Whanua ora- The ministry of New Zealand is trying to look for solutions and information to support the whanua plans and track the whanua goals. All this solutions will be used with a group of people or by range of people from the whanua ora navigators or to staff at whanua ora collectives to whanua themselves, although people whose information is captured in whÄ nau plans will be able to have a say in who is allowed to access that information.

Robert D. Furchgott’s Contribution to the Discovery of Nitric Oxide as

Introduction In 1998 the Nobel Prize in physiology was awarded to three scientists for their contribution to the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as a physiological singling molecule, particularly in vascular smooth muscle: Dr. Robert F. Furchgott, Dr. Louis J. Ignarro, and Dr. Ferid Murad1,2. Although the Prize was only initially awarded to Furchgott and Murad, it was later admitted that without the work of Ignarro an important link would not have been made. More specifically, in 1977 Murad found that nitric oxide was the active molecule causing vasodilation when studying the effects of vasodilatory effects nitroglycerine1,2. In 1980 when studying the effects of vasodilatory effects or acetylcholine in rabbit aorta, Furchgott found that vascular endothelial cells are necessary for vascular smooth muscle relaxation3. He concluded that endothelial cells produce what he called endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), a signaling molecule that caused vascular smooth muscle to relax1,3. Lastly, in 1986 Ignarro, showing that vascular endothelial cells produced similar responses when stimulated to produce EDRF and when exposed to NO, determined that nitric oxide and EDRF were the same molecule, thereby uniting the work of Murad and Furchgott into a cohesive vasodilatory model1,2. Nitric Oxide and Vascular Relaxation Nitric oxide is an abundant and diverse secondary signaling molecule throughout the body, playing roles in memory, learning, inflammation, and blood pressure. It is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) from L-arginine and oxygen, though there are three known types of NOS: NOS 1, NOS 2 and NOS 34. NOS 1 and 3 are stimulated by high intracellular calcium ion concentrations, as caused by vasodilators l... ...el Prize Awarded to Scientists for Nitric Oxide Discoveries. Circulation 98, 2365-2366 2. Raju T. (2000). The Nobel Chronicles. The Lancet, 356, 346 3. Furchgott R. F. (2003). Nobel Lecture. Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1996-2000. 4. Barrett K. E., Barman S. M., Boitano S., Brooks H. L. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology (2012). Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology. McGraw-Hill 5. Nobel Prize.org (2014, February 25). Robert F. Furchgott - Biographical. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1998/furchgott-bio.html 6. Furchgott R. F., Zawadzki J. V. (1980). The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature, 288, 337-376 7. Martin W. (2009). Robert F. Furchgott, Nodel laureate (1916-2009) - a personal reflection. British Journal of Pharmacology. 158(3), 633-637

Criteria for Heroes Essay

For individuals to be seen as heroes in ancient world they had to meet specific criteria. Above all, a man needed to be a skilled warrior, who had to respect authority, both governmental and religious. Heroes were given no room for pride, they were to be modest, not only giving credit to their culture and the gods for any great deeds they had done, but also accepting everything that happened as fate, not scenarios they had created for themselves. In other words, they did not make themselves who they are, rather they had been predestined to become it. The final requirement of being a hero was composure. Heroes were not permitted to be blinded by rage or have mood swings. Perhaps the greatest example of Achilles fighting skill is when he fights with and kills Hector, the greatest of the Trojan warriors. However, this fight may have never happened if Athena had not disguised herself as one of Hectors brothers and convinced him to fight. Achilles fails miserably at respecting anyone in authority, whether governmental or religious. He not only disrespects King Agamemnons authority, but also the goddess Athena herself. This lack of respect begins when Achilles calls an assembly of the Greeks, something only Agamemnon was able to do. He then proceeds to insult the king, telling him he is greedy, shameless, a cheater, and a drunk. To top it off, Achilles contemplates drawing his sword to strike down Agamemnon, and is only stopped by Athena grabbing his hair. Needless to say, killing the leader of your nation would be the ultimate act of disrespect to the government. Although he does so badly with respect for government authority, Achilles has no problem respecting human religious authority, only because he has no encounters with priests, prophets, and etceteras. However, he does show some disrespect to Athena for stopping his murder of King Agamemnon. Instead of following the goddess orders whole-heartedly, he does it quite reluctantly and talks back in the process. Humility is another requirement Achilles fails to meet. His excessive pride is seen throughout The Iliad. When he tells Agamemnon that he is withdrawing himself and all his forces from the Trojan War, Achilles makes it sound as if he has done greater things than anyone, putting himself on a pedestal. Never does Achilles credit anyone or anything for his success, including the  gods. It is always he himself who has done something. Although Achilles is so prideful about his deeds, he is able to accept Fate. As he reprimands his horses as if it were their fault Patroclos was killed, one of them tells Achilles his death is near. Achilles tells the horse he knows this, indicating he accepts it. Hector does not credit himself for his accomplishments. He usually gets around glorifying himself by thanking the gods. Achilles pride contributes to his downfall, and it also shows Hector to have far less hubris than his opponent. Composure may be the requirement Achilles is furthest from meeting. Almost every time his name is mentioned, he is in some fit of rage. His very first tantrum is when he about kills Agamemnon, only being stopped by Athena. His next episode of anger comes after the death of Patroclos, but it is actually helpful to the Greeks. Achilles charges over the battlefield, destroying all Trojan warriors he crossed paths with. The final act of Achilles great anger is after he kills Hector. Achilles is still deeply hurt by the death of his friend Patroclos, so he drags Hectors body behind his chariot, mutilating it. The Epic of Gilgamesh embodies the national ideals of the Sumerians who believed that coming of age of a young man especially one who would become king, required a ritual experience. That aided the young man to face his monsters, nature, gods, and the reflection of Gilgamesh found in his mirror image Enkidu. The Sumerians understood the need for such a quest of self because there is a person that resides in all of us, both benefactor and destroyer that must be identified and controlled before we can accept our adult responsibilities. This is why the story incorporates emotions, but they are also unrealistic. Gilgamesh must face his anger and learn to replace it with a sense of community that is much closer to love, not hate. His ego must also be trained to respond appropriately to both winning and losing because this is what life is for each of us. The ancient Greeks had strict criteria for individuals to follow if they were to be seen as heroes. Those requirements were skill in battle, respect for authority, humility, and coolness under fire. Not many men met all requirements, including Achilles and Gilgamesh, but they were still viewed  as heroes. When the emotions are brought under control, when each person is successful at slaying their â€Å"dragons,† then they can move into an adult position that requires control over all the dualities of love and hate, power and weakness, anger and joy, selfishness and community. Between Achilles and Hector, Hector was the better choice for the title of hero, he was respectful of authority, humble about his success, and was very levelheaded. Achilles had great fighting skill as well. However, he had trouble respecting authority and keeping his cool, both results of his excessive pride. If Achilles had not been so prideful, he could have been a much greater warrior and hero, perhaps achieving status equal to the gods. He simply had too much pride. As desired, Gilgamesh learns to do good deeds, and this is truly all that society asks of anyone.

What Is Political Correctness Definition, Pros, and Cons

â€Å"Political correctness† is the process of speaking without offending anyone. Love it or hate it, what was once considered simple â€Å"good manners,† has become far more involved, and frankly, controversial. Exactly what is political correctness, where did it come from, and why do we love to argue about it? Key Takeaways: Political Correctness Political correctness (PC) refers to language that avoids offending persons of various genders, races, sexual orientations, cultures, or social conditions.One of the most commonly stated goals of political correctness is the elimination of verbal discrimination and negative stereotyping.The demand for political correctness is often controversial and becomes the source of criticism and satire.Critics argue that political correctness cannot change the underlying feelings that lead to discrimination and social marginalization.Political correctness is now a common weapon in the cultural and political war between American conservatives and liberals. Political Correctness Definition The term political correctness describes written or spoken language thats intentionally phrased to avoid offending or marginalizing groups identified by certain social characteristics, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, or ability. Beyond the obvious avoidance of overt slurs, political correctness also includes the avoidance of terms that reinforce preconceived negative stereotypes. The elimination of verbal discrimination is often considered one of the main goals of political correctness. Since the 1980s, the increasing demand for political correctness has been alternately praised, criticized, and satirized by commentators from all corners of the political spectrum. The term is sometimes applied derisively in order to ridicule the idea that language is capable of change—or that the public’s perceptions and prejudices against certain groups can change through language. Among the more subtle forms of political correctness is the avoidance of the use of microaggressions—brief off-hand comments or actions that either intentionally or unintentionally express negative prejudicial slights toward any marginalized or minority group. For example, telling an Asian-American student, â€Å"You people always get good grades,† while possibly meant as a compliment, may be taken as a microaggressive slur. A relatively new form of being politically correct is to avoid â€Å"mansplaining.† A combination of â€Å"man† and â€Å"explaining,† mansplaining is a form of political incorrectness in which men marginalize women by attempting to explain something to them—often unnecessarily—in a condescending, oversimplified, or childlike manner. History of Political Correctness In the United States, the term â€Å"politically correct† first appeared in 1793, when it was used in the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in the case of Chisholm v. Georgia dealing with the rights of state citizens to sue state governments in U.S. federal courts. During the 1920s, the term was used in political discussions between American communists and socialists to refer to a strict, almost dogmatic, adherence to the Soviet Union’s Communist Party doctrine, which socialists considered to be the â€Å"correct† position in all political issues. The term was first used sarcastically during the late 1970s and early 1980s by moderate-to-liberal politicians to refer to the stance of extreme left-wing liberals on some issues considered by the moderates to be frivolous or of little actual importance to their causes. In the early 1990s, conservatives had begun using â€Å"political correctness† in a pejorative manner criticizing the teaching and advocacy of what they considered left-wing liberal ideology â€Å"gone wild† in U.S. colleges, universities, and liberal-leaning media. In May 1991, then U.S. President George H.W. Bush used the term when he told the graduating class of the University of Michigan that, â€Å"The notion of political correctness has ignited controversy across the land. And although the movement arises from the laudable desire to sweep away the debris of racism and sexism and hatred, it replaces old prejudice with new ones. It declares certain topics off-limits, certain expression off-limits, and even certain gestures off-limits.† PC Culture Today, PC culture—a theoretical purely politically correct society—is most commonly associated with movements such as gender-based bias, gay rights, and ethnic minority advocacy. For example, the PC culture prefers that the terms â€Å"spokesman† or â€Å"spokeswoman,† be replaced by the gender-neutral term â€Å"spokesperson.† However, the PC culture is not limited to social or political causes. To promote religious tolerance, â€Å"Merry Christmas† becomes â€Å"Happy Holidays,† and a demand for simple empathy asks that â€Å"mental retardation† be replaced with â€Å"intellectual disability.† In December 1990, Newsweek magazine summarized conservatives’ concerns by equating the PC culture to a sort of a modern Orwellian â€Å"thought police† in an article asking, â€Å"Is This the New Enlightenment or the New McCarthyism?† However, it was Dinesh DSouzas 1998 book â€Å"Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus† that first caused the general public to question the benefits, motives, and sociological effects of the political correctness movement. Pros and Cons Advocates of the process of political correctness argue that our perception of other people is greatly influenced by the language we hear used about them. Language, therefore, when used carelessly or maliciously, can reveal and promote our biases against various identity groups. In this manner, the strict use of politically correct language helps to prevent the marginalization and social exclusion of those groups. Persons opposed to political correctness regard it as a form of censorship that quashes freedom of speech and dangerously restricts public debate on important social issues. They further accuse advocates of an extreme PC culture of creating offensive language where none had existed before. Others argue that the very term â€Å"political correctness† can be used in ways that can actually hinder attempts to stop hate and discriminatory speech. Opponents point to a 2016 Pew Research Center survey which showed that 59 percent of Americans felt â€Å"too many people are easily offended these days over the language that others use.† According to Pew, while most people naturally try to avoid using language that offends others, extreme examples of politically correct terms tend to devalue the English language and lead to confusion. Finally, those opposed to political correctness argue that telling people that it is socially wrong for them to express their feelings and beliefs in certain ways will not make those feelings and beliefs go away. Sexism, for example, will not end by simply referring to salesmen and saleswomen as â€Å"salespersons.† Similarly, referring to the homeless as â€Å"temporarily displaced† will not create jobs or wipe out poverty. While some people might swallow their politically incorrect words, they will not abandon the feelings that motivated them. Instead, they will hold those feelings inside to fester and become even more toxic and harmful. Sources Alder, Jerry; Starr, Mark. â€Å"Taking Offense: Is this the new enlightenment on campus or the new McCarthyism?† Newsweek (December 1990)Gibson, Caitlin. â€Å"How ‘politically correct’ went from compliment to insult.† Washington Post. (January 13, 2016)U.S. President George H.W. Bush. Remarks at the University of Michigan Commencement Ceremony in Ann Arbor, 4 May 1991 George Bush Presidential LibraryDSouza, Dinesh. â€Å"Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus.† Free Press; (October 1, 1998). ISBN-10: 9780684863849Chow, Kat. Politically Correct: The Phrase Has Gone From Wisdom to Weapon. NPR (December 14, 2016)